4/27/2023 0 Comments Cathode and anode charges![]() A strong correlation between the particle size (NaCl and Ni) and battery degradation was observed in this work. ![]() The morphology of NaCl and Ni particles were extensively investigated after 60 cycles under various test conditions using a scanning electron microscope. Planar Na-NiCl 2 cells using β”-alumina solid electrolyte (BASE) were tested with different C-rates, Ni/NaCl ratios, and capacity windows, in order to identify the key parameters for the degradation of Na-NiCl 2 battery. In this work, the parameters influencing the degradation of a Na-NiCl 2 (ZEBRA) battery were investigated. The results in this work indicate that these advances can significantly reduce the raw material cost associated with Ni (a 31% reduction) and promote practical applications of Na-MH battery technologies in stationary energy storage systems. Long-term cycling tests also show stable electrochemical performance for over 300 cycles with excellent capacity retention (~100%). Furthermore, 15% more » less Ni is used in the new cathode than that in conventional Na-NiCl2 batteries. In the present work, we focus on of efforts to develop new Ni-based cathodes, and demonstrate that a much higher specific energy density of 405 Wh/kg (23% higher than state-of-the-art Na-MH batteries) can be achieved at an operating temperature of 190oC. However, one of issues limiting its practical application is the relatively expensive nickel (Ni) used in the cathode. « lessĪmong various battery technologies being considered for stationary energy storage applications, sodium-metal halide (Na-MH) batteries have become one of the most attractive candidates because of the abundance of raw materials, long cycle life, high energy density, and superior safety. Finally, results from this work clearly demonstrate that advanced Na-MH batteries using bi-layer BASEs can have significant impacts on improving battery performances at lower operating temperatures, and further stretch its feasibility in stationary energy storage applications. Moreover, owing to the thin dense layer of BASE, the round trip energy efficiency (or discharging energy density) of the tested battery shows more » an ~8% increase compared to that of state of the art Na-MH battery reported in the literature. The excellent battery performances are achieved with a stable capacity retention of 350 W h/kg up to >350 cycles (~6 months). The novel design of the bi-layer BASE promotes high Na-ion transportation by reducing the Na + ion path length. In this paper, we describe an advanced Na-MH battery operating at 190 ☌ using a bi-layer (thin dense/thick porous layers) β"-alumina solid-state electrolyte (BASE). Sodium metal halide (Na-MH) batteries present tremendous opportunities for grid scale energy storage applications. (PNNL), Richland, WA (United States) Sponsoring Org.: USDOE Office of Electricity (OE) OSTI Identifier: 1390576 Alternate Identifier(s): OSTI ID: 1395285 OSTI ID: 1495802 Report Number(s): PNNL-SA-125568 Journal ID: ISSN 0378-7753 PII: S0378775317309114 Grant/Contract Number: AC05-76RL01830 57558 20158510050010 Resource Type: Accepted Manuscript Journal Name: Journal of Power Sources Additional Journal Information: Journal Volume: 365 Journal Issue: C Journal ID: ISSN 0378-7753 Publisher: Elsevier Country of Publication: United States Language: English Subject: 25 ENERGY STORAGE Na-beta alumina batteries Tubular and planar designs Na-NiCl2 cell Electrode thickness Power output Publication Date: Wed Oct 18 00:00: Research Org.: Pacific Northwest National Lab. of Industrial Science and Technology, Pohang (South Korea). Electrochemical Materials and Systems Group
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